Immuno-oncology
An Introduction to Immuno-oncology
Inflammatory immune cells are involved in tumour development and dissemination. As the tumour develops, cancer cells evolve different mechanisms in order to evade attack, by avoiding the immune recognition and developing an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Harnessing the patient’s immune system to attack the tumour is the key principle of immunotherapy. Several classes of immunotherapies including cytokines, monoclonal antibodies against immune checkpoints, autologous dendritic cells expressing tumour antigen, genetically engineered oncolytic viruses and T-cells engineered to expressed chimeric antigen receptors (CAR-T cells), have been approved for many cancer subtypes, including solid tumours and haematological malignancies. Current challenges include elucidating predictive biomarkers, since many people fail to respond to these therapies.
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